For Class-Specific Item-Response Probabilities

These models include parameter restrictions to impose measurement invariance on indicators with categorical response options.

For Class-Specific Item Means

These models include parameter restrictions to impose measurement invariance on the means of continuous indicators.

For Class-Specific Item Variances

These models include parameter restrictions to impose measurement invariance on the variances of continuous indicators. Note that the default in most or all software packages for LPA is that class-specific item variances are constrained to be equal across classes, meaning that there is one variance estimated for each indicator.

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